![]() In these studies, rare variants are enriched in cases versus controls to a degree suggesting that they have large effects on autism risk relative to common polymorphisms. RNM’s have been implicated in genetic risk for both autism and schizophrenia through whole exome sequencing. Recently it has been appreciated that, in addition to common polymorphisms, rare genetic variation can contribute to the risk for neuropsychiatric disorders in human populations. The small effect sizes of these risk alleles prevents their practical usage as clinical biomarkers but OCD GWAS’s have begun to identify biological processes in which the associated polymorphisms are enriched and thus presumably underlie the pathophysiology of OCD. ![]() These studies have demonstrated that the genetic architecture of OCD is very complex likely consisting of hundreds to thousands of common polymorphisms each of small effect size. Recent large-scale genome wide association studies (GWAS) of OCD have identified common polymorphisms that are associated with OCD at near genome-wide significance levels. Epidemiologic studies have determined that OCD displays a substantial heritable component of risk, however, few specific genetic risk factors have been identified. Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder consisting of persistent, intrusive, distressing thoughts and repetitive, compulsive behaviors and mental rituals. * E-mail: (MS) (CG)Īffiliation: Synaptic Circuit Plasticity Laboratory, Department of Structure & Function of Neural Network, Korea Brain Research Institute, 61 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, KoreaĪffiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of AmericaĪffiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CanadaĪffiliations Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America, Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of AmericaĪffiliations Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY United States of America, Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY, NY United States of AmericaĪffiliation: Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY, NY United States of AmericaĪffiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of AmericaĪffiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of AmericaĪffiliation: Department of Brain-Cognitive Science, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, Republic of KoreaĪffiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of AmericaĪffiliations Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America, Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
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